SPOTLIGHT
Sudan
Ammunition
Demand
MANPADS
Brokering
Practical Disarmament

Country Case Studies
Sub-Saharan Africa
Americas
Asia Pacific
Europe &
Central Asia
North Africa &
Middle East

ISSUE AREAS
Producers
Transfers
Global Inventories
Perpetrators
Victims & Costs
Measures & Initiatives
SSR

DATABASES
Implementation
Voting Records
Government
Documents

Sub-Saharan Africa

Regional

Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African
Republic
Chad
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic
Republic of Congo
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho

This page will be completed and updated regularly. We will be happy to include your suggestions.

Regional

Bearpark, Andy and Sabrina Schulz. 2007. ‘The private security challenge in Africa: Problems and options for regulation'. Private Security in Africa: Manifestation, Challenges and Regulation . ISS Monograph Series. Vol. 139. November.

Bekol, Ilhan. 2007. ECOWAS convention on small arms and light weapons: Analysis and recommendations for the development of a plan of action. Report of the Groupe de recherche et d'information sur la paix et la sécurité.

Belkol, Ilhan. 2007. La convention de la CEDEAO sur les armes légères et de petit caliber: Analyse et recommendations pour un plan d'action. Rapport du Groupe de recherche et d'information sur la paix et la sécurité.

Gislesen, Kirsten. 2007. A Childhood Lost?: The Challenges of Successful Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Child Soldiers: The Case of West Africa. Paper No. 712. Oslo. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.

Lamb, Guy. 2007. Beyond ‘Shadow Boxing' and ‘Lip Service': The Enforcement of Arms Embargoes in Africa . ISS Occasional Paper No. 135. April.

Maze, K., and H. Rhee. 2007 . International Assistance for Implementing the UNPoA on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects: Case Study of East Africa . UNIDIR.

Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2007. ‘ Weak states and the growth of the private security sector in Africa: Wither the African state?' Private Security in Africa: Manifestation, Challenges and Regulation . ISS Monograph Series. Vol. 139. November.

A Constant Threat: Armed Groups in West Africa. Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business (pp. 247-271).

IANSA, Oxfam, and Saferworld. 2006. Africa's missing billions: International arms flows and the cost of conflict. London. IANSA, Oxfam, and Saferworld. 11 October.

Schroeder, Matthew. 2006. ‘US Security Assistance and Africa'. In Muna Ndulo. Security, Reconstruction and Reconciliation: When the Wars End .

Schroeder, Matthew and Guy Lamb. 2006. ‘The Illicit Arms Trade in Africa: A Global Enterprise'. African Analyst. Third Quarter.

Sourcing the Tools of War: Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones. Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War (pp. 165-169).

A Common Tool: Firearms, Violence, and Crime. Small Arms Survey 2004: Rights at Risk (pp. 192-198).

Moving from Words to Actions: Small Arms Norms. Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied (pp. 237-246).

Insights and Mysteries: Global Small Arms Transfers. Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied (pp. 117-119).

Fewer Blanks: Global Firearms Stockpiles. Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied (pp. 80-86).

A Sick or Dying Industry?: Products and Producers. Small Arms Survey 2002: Counting the Human Cost (pp. 43-48).

Tackling the Small Arms Problem: Multilateral Measures and Initiatives. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem (pp. 258-266).

Crime, Conflict, Corruption: Global Illicit Small Arms Transfers. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem (pp. 170-175).

Fuelling the Flames: Brokers and Transport Agents in the Illicit Arms Trade. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem (pp. 115-123).

Small Arms, Big Business: Products and Producers. Small Arms Survey 2001: Profiling the Problem (pp. 40-41).

Angola

Gomes Porto, Joao. 2007. From soldiers to citizens: The social, economic and political reintegration of Unita ex-combatants. ISS Monograph Series. Vol. 130. March.

Gomes Porto, Joao and Imogen Parsons. 2003. Sustaining the Peace in Angola: An Overview of Current Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. Monograph No. 83. Durban: ISS.

Benin

Botswana

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lam. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Botswana: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Boshoff, Henri and Waldemar Very. 2006. A technical analysis of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: A case study from Burundi . ISS Monograph Series. No. 125. August.

Nindorera, Willy and Kristiana Powell. 2006. Delivering on the Responsibility to Protect: Reforming the Security Sector to Protect the Most Vulnerable in Burundi. Durban: ISS.

Boshoff, Henri and Waldemar Vrey. 2006. A Technical Analysis of Disarmament, Demobilisation, and Reintegration: A Case Study from Burundi. Durban: ISS.

Human Rights Watch. 2006. A Long Way from Home: FNL Child Soldiers in Burundi. Backgrounder. Number 3. June.

Ntibarikure, Jacques with Charles Nasibu Bilali, Nicolas Florquin and Georges Berghezan. 2006. Trafics d'armes enquête dans la plaine de la Ruzizi (RDC-Burundi). Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Huybrechts, Pierre et Ilhan Berkol. 2005. Afrique centrale: L'harmonisation des législations nationals sur les armes légères - conformité avec le Protocole de Nairobi et initiatives parlementaires au Burundi, en RDC et au Rwanda. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Rackley, Edward B. 2005. Burundi: The Impact of Small Arms and Armed Violence on Women. UNDP - Small Arms Reduction Programme for the Great Lakes Region (SARP). Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Alusala, Nelson. 2005. Disarmament and the Transition in Burundi: How Soon? ISS Paper 97. Institute for Security Studies: South Africa.

Bilali, Charles Nasibu. 2005. "La Persistance du traffic d'armes de Tanzanie vers la RDC et le Burundi". GRIP (Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité).

IRIN. 2004. Great Lakes: Light Arms, a Scourge for Peaceful Development. Nairobi.

MSF (Médecins sans Frontières). 2004. Accès aux soins de santé au Burundi: résultats de trois enquêtes épidémiologiques. Bujumbura: MSF Belgique.

Cameroon

Atanga, Lucien Mufor. 2003. Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa. Bonn: BICC.

Central African Republic

Alusala, Nelson. 2007. Armed conflict and disarmament: Selected Central African case studies. ISS Monograph Series. No. 129. March.

Alusala, Nelson. 2007. ‘Conflict and arms: Who will bail out the CAR? '. In Armed conflict and disarmament: Selected Central African case studies . ISS Monograph Series. No. 129. March.

Berman. Eric G. 2006. La République Centrafricaine: une étude de cas sur les armes légères et les conflits. Geneva : Small Arms Survey.
English version available in Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

IRIN. 2004. Great Lakes: Light Arms, a Scourge for Peaceful Development . Nairobi.

Atanga, Lucien Mufor. 2003. Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa. Bonn: BICC.

Chad

Alusala, Nelson. 2007. ‘ Disarmament in Chad : Inability or Incapability? '. In Armed conflict and disarmament: Selected Central African case studies . ISS Monograph Series. No. 129. March.

Atanga, Lucien Mufor. 2003. Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa. Bonn: BICC.

Côte d'Ivoire

Chaïbou, Albert and Sadou Yattara. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: vers une convention sur les armes légères. Du PCASED à ECOSAP. Rapport du GRIP: Bruxelles.

Ebo, Adedeji with Laura Mazal. 2005. Le contrôle des armes légères en Afrique de l'ouest. Projet de suivi de l'execution des controles des armes legeres (MISAC). Serie Afrique de l'ouest No.1 (Version Francaise). International Alert, Programme Sécurité et Construction de la Paix.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Youth, Poverty and Blood: The Lethal Legacy of West Africa's Regional Warriors". Vol.17, No.5(A).

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Country on a Precipice: The Precarious State of Human Rights and Civilian Protection in Côte d'Ivoire". Vol. 17, No. 6(A).

Global Witness. 2003. "The Usual Suspects: Liberia's Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone". London: Global Witness.

Ebo, Adedeji. 2003. Small Arms Control in West Africa. West Africa series, no. 1 (English version). International Alert.

Democratic Republic of the Congo (Kinshasa)

Alusala, Nelson. 2007. ‘ Arms and disarmament: DRC's unending story '. In Armed conflict and disarmament: Selected Central African case studies . ISS Monograph Series. No. 129. March.

Boshoff, Henri. 2007. The demobilization, disarmament and reintegration process in the Democratic Republic of Congo. A never-ending story! ISS Situation Report. 2 July.

School for a Culture of Peace (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Country briefings, including Colombia, Haiti, and DR Congo.

Danssaert, Peter and Brian Johnson Thomas. 2006. Greed and Guns: Uganda’s Role in the Rape of the Congo. Antwerp: IPIS.

Aust, Björn and Willem Jaspers. 2006. From Resource War to ‘Violent Peace’: Transition in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Bonn: BICC.

Ntibarikure, Jacques with Charles Nasibu Bilali, Nicolas Florquin and Georges Berghezan. 2006. Trafics d'armes enquête dans la plaine de la Ruzizi (RDC-Burundi). Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Amnesty International, IANSA and Oxfam. 2006. The Call for Tough Arms Controls: Voices from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Control Arms Campaign.

Huybrechts, Pierre et Ilhan Berkol. 2005. Afrique centrale: L'harmonisation des législations nationals sur les armes légères - conformité avec le Protocole de Nairobi et initiatives parlementaires au Burundi, en RDC et au Rwanda. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Bilali, Charles Nasibu. 2005. "La Persistance du traffic d'armes de Tanzanie vers la RDC et le Burundi". GRIP (Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité).

IRIN. 2004. Great Lakes: Light Arms, a Scourge for Peaceful Development. Nairobi.

Bilali, Charles Nasibu. 2004. Qui arme les Maï-Maï? Enquête sur une situation originale. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2004. Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Results from a Nationwide Survey.

Shamba, Kayembe. 2003. Proliferation and Illicit Traffic of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Northeast of DRC. Kinshasa: Pax Christi Netherlands.

International Crisis Group. 2003. Rwandan Hutu Rebels in the Congo: A New Approach to Disarmament and Reintegration. Africa Report, No. 63.

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2003. Mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Results from a Nationwide Survey.

Muggah, Robert and Nicolas Florquin. 2003. Congo Needs Disarming. ReliefWeb.

International Crisis Group. 2001. Disarmament in the Congo: Investing in Conflict Prevention. Africa Briefing.

International Crisis Group. 2001. Disarmament in the Congo: Jump Starting DDR to Prevent Further War. Africa Report, No. 38.

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2001. Mortality in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Results from Eleven Mortality Surveys.

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2000. Mortality in Eastern DRC: Results from Five Mortality Surveys.

Djibouti

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns . Bonn: BICC.

Eritrea

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives . Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

Ethiopia

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

Gambia

Ghana

Aning, Emmanuel Kwesi. 2005. The Anatomy of Ghana's Secret Arms Industry. Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Chaïbou, Albert and Sadou Yattara. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: vers une convention sur les armes légères. Du PCASED à ECOSAP. Rapport du GRIP: Bruxelles.

Ebo, Adedeji with Laura Mazal. 2005. Le contrôle des armes légères en Afrique de l'ouest. Projet de suivi de l'execution des controles des armes legeres (MISAC). Serie Afrique de l'ouest No.1 (Version Francaise). International Alert, Programme Sécurité et Construction de la Paix.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Ebo, Adedeji. 2003. Small Arms Control in West Africa. West Africa series, no. 1 (English version). International Alert.

Agboton-Johnson, Christiane, Ebo, Adedeji, and Laura Mazal. 2003. Small Arms Control in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. West Africa series, no. 2 (English version). International Alert.

Guinea

Milner, James. 2006. The Militarization and Demilitarization of Refugee Camps and Settlements in Guinea, 1999-2004. No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa. Small Arms Survey & Bonn International Center for Conversion.

Milner, James. 2005. The Militarization and Demilitarization of Refugee Camps in Guinea. Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Chaïbou, Albert and Sadou Yattara. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: vers une convention sur les armes légères. Du PCASED à ECOSAP. Rapport du GRIP: Bruxelles.

Ebo, Adedeji with Laura Mazal. 2005. Le contrôle des armes légères en Afrique de l'ouest. Projet de suivi de l'execution des controles des armes legeres (MISAC). Serie Afrique de l'ouest No.1 (Version Francaise). International Alert, Programme Sécurité et Construction de la Paix.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Youth, Poverty and Blood: The Lethal Legacy of West Africa's Regional Warriors". Vol.17, No.5(A).

Guinea-Bissau

Kenya

Saferworld and Amani Forum. 2006. Developing a strategy to respond to the Government of Kenya's disarmament program. Report of a round-tabe meeting. Nairobi. Saferworld and Amani Forum. June.

SaferWorld. 2006. Kenya National Action Plan for Arms Control and Management. Nairobi.

Buchanan-Smith, Margie and Jeremy Lind. 2005. Armed Violence and Poverty in Northern Kenya. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Cliffe, Lionel and Musambayi Katumanga. 2005. Nairobi—A City Besieged: The Impact of Armed Violence on Poverty and Development. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Weiss, Taya. 2004. Guns in the Borderlands: Reducing the Demand for Small Arms. Durban: ISS.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Institute for Security Studies. 2002. Attitudes to Firearms and Crime in Nairobi: Results of a City Survey. Durban: ISS.

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

Lesotho

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lamb. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Lesotho: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Meek, Sarah and Noel Stott. 2003. Destroying Surplus Weapons: An Assessment of Experience in South Africa and Lesotho. Geneva: Small Arms Survey and UNIDIR.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Liberia

Nichols, Ryan. 2005. Disarming Liberia: Progress and Pitfalls. Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Weiss, Taya. 2005. Perpetrating Power: Small Arms in Post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia. Monograph No. 116. Durban: ISS.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Youth, Poverty and Blood: The Lethal Legacy of West Africa's Regional Warriors". Vol.17, No.5(A).

Global Witness. 2004. "Liberia: Back to the Future". Washington: Global Witness.

Global Witness. 2003. "The Usual Suspects: Liberia's Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone". London: Global Witness.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2003. "Weapons Sanctions, Military Supplies, and Human Suffering: Illegal Arms Flows to Liberia and the June-July 2003 Shelling of Monrovia". Briefing Paper.

United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 2002. US $2 Million Agreement for Arms Collection in Liberia. New York: United Nations.

Malawi

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lam. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Malawi: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Mali

Florquin, Nicolas and Stéphanie Pézard. 2005. Insurgency, Disarmament, and Insecurity in Northern Mali, 1990-2004. Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Cissé, Hélène N. V. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: L'harmonisation des législations nationals sur les armes légères - critères de convergence appliqués au Sénégal, au Mali et au Niger. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Muggah, Robert. 2005. Listening for a Change: Participatory Evaluations of DDR and Arms Reduction Schemes in Mali, Albania and Cambodia. Geneva: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.

Humphreys, Macartan and Habaye ag Mohamed. 2003. "Senegal and Mali". Paper Presented at the World Bank/PRIO Civil Conflict Workshop, Oslo, June 2001.

Mauritius

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Mauritius: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Mozambique

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lam. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Leao, Ana. 2004. Weapons in Mozambique: Reducing Availability and Demand. Monograph No. 94. Durban: ISS.

Faltas, Sami and Wolf-Christian Paes. 2004. Exchanging Guns for Tools. The TAE Approach to Practical Disarmament - An Assessment of the TAE Project in Mozambique. Bonn: BICC.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Mozambique: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Nkiwane, Tandeka. 1999. Weapons Flows in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Monograph No. 34. Durban: ISS.

Berman, Eric. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Mozambique. UNIDIR Research Report No. 22/96. New York: United Nations.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Namibia

Dzinesa, Gwinyayi Albert. 2006. Swords into Ploughshares: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. ISS Paper 120. Durban: ISS.

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lam. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Namibia: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Niger

Comparative Analysis on the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) Programs Existing in the World during 2006. 2007. Bellaterra: School for a Culture of Peace (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Case studies on Nepal, Niger, and Uganda.

Cissé, Hélène N. V. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: L'harmonisation des législations nationals sur les armes légères - critères de convergence appliqués au Sénégal, au Mali et au Niger. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Nigeria

Bekoe, Dorina. 2007. Nigeria 2007: Building Blocks for a Peaceful Transition Workshop Report . USIPeace Briefing. Washington , DC : US Institute of Peace. March.

CLEEN Foundation. 2007. National Victimization Survey .

International Crisis Group. 2007. Nigeria's Elections: Avoiding a Political Crisis. Africa Report No. 123. 28 March.

—. 2007. Nigeria : Failed Elections, Failing State? Africa Report No. 126. 30 May.

Human Rights Watch. 2007. Chop Fine: The Human Rights Impact of Local Government Corruption and Mismanagement in Rivers State, Nigeria. Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 19, No. 2. New York : HRW. January.

—. 2007. A Human Rights Agenda for Nigeria's 2007 General Elections and Beyond. Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper No. 2. New York : HRW. February.

Ibrahim, Jibrin. 2007. Nigeria's 2007 Elections: The Fitful Path to Democratic Citizenship. USIP Special Report No. 182. Washington , DC : US Institute of Peace. January.

Jennifer M. Hazen with Jonas Horner. 2007. Small Arms, Armed Violence, and Insecurity in Nigeria: The Niger Delta in Perspective. Occasional Paper No. 20. Geneva: Small Arms Survey. December. Pdf 1.2 MB

Tayo, Sola. 2007. The Nigerian 2007 Election: A Guide for Journalists and Commentators. Africa Programme Briefing Note 07/01. London : Chatham House. February.

CEHRD (Centre for Environment, Human Rights and Development). 2006. The Bodo War of Attrition: A Briefing Paper on the Bodo, Ogoni Crisis. Ogale-Nchia: CEHRD. 31 July.

Chatham House. 2006. Oil and Elections: Prospects for the Resolution of Oil Conflict in the Niger Delta and Potential Impacts on the 2007 Elections. Meeting Report. London : Chatham House. 12 April.

Human Rights Watch. 2006. ‘Nigeria:Military Must Be Held to Account for Razing of Community.' Human Rights Watch Press Release. 29 August.

Ibeanu, O. and F. Mohammed, eds. 2006. Oiling the Violence: The Proliferation of Small Arms and Light Weapons in the Niger Delta. Abuja : Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.

International Crisis Group. 2006. Fuelling the Niger Delta Crisis. Dakar/Brussels: ICG.

—. 2006. Fuelling the Niger Delta Crisis. Africa Report No. 118. 28 September.

—. 2006. Nigeria : Want in the Midst of Plenty. Africa Report No. 113. 19 July.

—. 2006. Nigeria 's Faltering Federal Experiment . Africa Report No. 119. 25 October.

UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). 2006. Niger Delta Human Development Report. New York : UNDP.

Okonta, Ike. 2006. Behind the Mask: Explaining the Emergence of the MEND Militia in Nigeria's Oil-Bearing Niger Delta . Niger Delta Economies of Violence Working Papers No. 11. Berkeley : University of California .

Von Kemedi, Dimieari. 2006. Fuelling the Violence: Non-State Armed Actors (Militia, Cults, and Gangs) in the Niger Delta. Niger Delta Economies of Violence Working Papers No. 10. Berkeley : University of California .

Alemika, Etannibi, Emmanuel Igbo, and Chinyere Nnorom. 2006. Criminal Victimization, Safety and Policing in Nigeria : 2005 . Monograph Series, No. 3. Lagos : CLEEN Foundation. October.

Amnesty International. 2005. Ten Years On: Injustice and Violence Haunt the Oil Delta. AI Report AFR 44/022/2005. 3 November.

Bekoe, Dorina. 2005. Strategies for Peace in the Niger Delta. USIPeace Briefing. Washington , DC : US Institute of Peace. December.

Best, Shedrack Gaya and Dimieari Von Kemedi. 2005. Armed Groups and Conflict in Rivers and Plateau States, Nigeria. Armed and Aimless: Armed Groups, Guns, and Human Security in the ECOWAS Region. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Ginifer, Jeremy and Olawale Ismail. 2005. Armed Violence and Poverty in Nigeria. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Rest in Pieces: Police Torture and Deaths in Custody in Nigeria". Vol.17, No.11(A).

—. 2005. Revenge in the Name of Religion: The Cycle of Violence in Plateau and Kano States. Human Rights Watch Report, Vol. 17, No. 8. New York : HRW. May.

—. 2005. Rivers and Blood: Guns, Oil and Power in Nigeria 's Rivers State. Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper. February.

Ikelegbe, Augustine. 2005. ‘The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.' Nordic Journal of African Studies , Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 208–34.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Agboton-Johnson, Christiane, Ebo, Adedeji, and Laura Mazal. 2003. Small Arms Control in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. West Africa series, no. 2 (English version). International Alert.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2003. The Warri Crisis: Fueling Fear. Human Rights Watch: Vol. 15, Issue 18. New York: HRW.

WAC Global Services. 2003. Peace and Security in the Niger Delta. Unpublished Conflict Expert Group baseline report, working paper for Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd. December.

Amnesty International. 2002. Nigeria:Vigilante Violence in the South and South-east. AI Report AFR 44/014/2002. November.

Obasi, Nnamdi. 2002. Small Arms Proliferation and Disarmament in West Africa : Progress and Prospects of the ECOWAS Moratorium . Abuja : Apophyl Productions.

Republic of Congo (Brazzaville)

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2004. Mortality in the Pool Region: Results of a Mortality, Immunization, and Nutrition Survey in Kinkala-Boko Health District, Pool Region, Republic of Congo.

Muggah, Robert. 2004. 'The Anatomy of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in the Republic of Congo.' Journal of Conflict, Security and Development. Vol. 4, Issue 1.

Making the Difference?: Weapons Collection and Small Arms Availability in the Republic of Congo. Small Arms Survey 2003: Development Denied (pp. 255-275).

Atanga, Lucien Mufor. 2003. Tackling Small Arms in Central Africa. Bonn : BICC.

Demetriou, Spyros, Robert Muggah and Ian Biddle. 2002. Small Arms Availability, Trade and Impacts in the Republic of Congo. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Rwanda

Fruchart, Damien. 2007. United Nations Arms Embargoes: The impact on arms flows and target behaviour. Case study on Rwanda , 1994 - present. A report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the Special Program on Implementation of Targeted Sanctions at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University.

Mthembu-Salter, Gregory. 2006. The Wheel Turns Again: Militarization and Rwanda's Congolese Refugees. No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa. Small Arms Survey & Bonn International Center for Conversion.

Meijer, Cécelle and Philip Verwimp. 2005. The Use and Perception of Weapons Before and After Conflict: Evidence from Rwanda. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Alusala, Nelson. 2005. Disarmament and Reconciliation: Rwanda's Concerns. Occasional Paper No. 108. Durban: ISS.

International Crisis Group. 2003. Rwandan Hutu Rebels in the Congo: a New Approach to Disarmament and Reintegration. Africa Report, No. 63.

Senegal

Cissé, Hélène N. V. 2005. Afrique de l'ouest: L'harmonisation des législations nationals sur les armes légères - critères de convergence appliqués au Sénégal, au Mali et au Niger. Bruxelles: Rapport du GRIP.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Evans, Martin. 2004. "Sénégal: Mouvement des forces démocratiques de la Casamance (MFD)". Armed Non-State Actors Project. AFB BP 04/02. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs.

Humphreys, Macartan and Habaye ag Mohamed. 2003. "Senegal and Mali". Paper Presented at the World Bank/PRIO Civil Conflict Workshop, Oslo, June 2001.

Agboton-Johnson, Christiane, Ebo, Adedeji, and Laura Mazal. 2003. Small Arms Control in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal. West Africa series, no. 2 (English version). International Alert.

Seychelles

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Seychelles: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Sierra Leone

Fruchart, Damien. 2007. United Nations Arms Embargoes: The impact on arms flows and target behaviour. Case study on Sierra Leone, 1997 – present. A report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the Special Program on Implementation of Targeted Sanctions at the Department of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University.

Amnesty International, IANSA and Oxfam. 2006. The Call for Tough Arms Controls: Voices from Sierra Leone. Control Arms Campaign.

Ayissi, A. & Poulton, R. (eds). 2006. Bound to Cooperate: Conflict, Peace and People in Sierra Leone . UNIDIR. August.

Ginifer, Jeremy. 2005. Armed Violence and Poverty in Sierra Leone. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Weiss, Taya. 2005. Perpetrating Power: Small Arms in Post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia. Monograph No. 116. Durban: ISS.

Human Rights Watch (HRW). 2005. "Youth, Poverty and Blood: The Lethal Legacy of West Africa's Regional Warriors". Vol.17, No.5(A).

Peters, Krijn. 2004. Re-examining Voluntarism: Youth Combatants in Sierra Leone. Monograph 100. Durban: ISS.

Malan, Mark, et al. 2003. Sierra Leone: Building the Road to Recovery. Monograph 80. Durban: ISS.

Global Witness. 2003. "The Usual Suspects: Liberia's Weapons and Mercenaries in Côte d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone". London: Global Witness.

IRC (International Rescue Committee). 2001. Mortality in Kenema District, Sierra Leone: A Survey Covering January 2000 to January 2001.

Berman, Eric. 2000. Re-armament in Sierra Leone: One Year after the Lomé Peace Agreement. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Somalia

FAS Strategic Security Blog. 2007. Video Shows Somali Insurgent with Sophisticated SA-18 Missile. 30 April.

Cliffe, Lionel. 2005. Armed Violence and Poverty in Somalia. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

South Africa

Kirsten, Adèle. 2007. Simpler, Better, Faster: Review of the 2005 Firearms Amnesty. ISS Occasional Paper No. 135. April.

Ward, Catherine L. 2007. “It feels like it's the end of the world”: Cape Towns youth talk about gangs and community violence . ISS Monograph Series. Vol. 136. July.

Dzinesa, Gwinyayi Albert. 2006. Swords into Ploughshares: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. ISS Paper 120. Durban: ISS.

Kirsten, Adèle, et al. 2006. Islands of Safety in a Sea of Guns: Gun-free Zones in South Africa. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Shung King, Maylene, Paula Proudlock and Lori Michelson. 2006. From Fieldwork to Facts to Firearms Control: Research and Advocacy Towards Stricter Firearms Control Legislation in South Africa. African Security Review . Vol. 15, No. 2. Institute for Secuity Studies.

Gould, Chandré and Guy Lam. 2004. Hide and Seek: Taking Account of Small Arms in Southern Africa. Durban: ISS.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Meek, Sarah and Noel Stott. 2004. A Guide to the Destruction of Small Arms and Light Weapons: The Approach of the South African National Defence Force. Geneva: Small Arms Survey and UNIDIR.

Meek, Sarah and Noel Stott. 2003. Destroying Surplus Weapons: An Assessment of Experience in South Africa and Lesotho. Geneva: Small Arms Survey and UNIDIR.

Stott, Noel. 2003. Implementing the Southern Africa Firearms Protocol. ISS Paper 83. Durban: ISS.

Skosana, Xolani. 2002. Arms Control, South African Style. ISS Paper 62. Durban: ISS.

Jefferson, Clare. 2001. Attitudes to Firearms. The Case of Kwa Mashu, Tsolo Qumbo, and Lekoa Vaal. Monograph No. 62. Durban: ISS.

Hennop, Ettienne, et al. 2001. The Role of Firearms in Crimes in South Africa: A Detailed Analysis of Police Dockets. Monograph No. 55. Durban: ISS.

Gamba, Virginia with Clare Hansmann. 2000. Society Under Siege, Vol. III: Managing Arms in South Africa. Durban: ISS.

Meek, Sarah. 1997. United Nations Report on Firearm Regulations. Occasional Paper No. 23. Durban: ISS.

Smith, Christopher, Peter Batchelor, and Jakkie Potgieter. 1996. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project: Small Arms Management and Peacekeeping in Southern Africa. UNIDIR Research Report No. 21/96. New York: United Nations.

Sudan

For Sudan Issue Briefs, Working Papers, and further reading, please visit the Sudan Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) project page.

Arnold, Matthew B. and Chris Alden. 2007. “This gun is our food”: Demilitarising the White Army militias of South Sudan. Working paper No. 722. Oslo. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.

Osland, Kari M., Graham Thompson, and Andreas Vogt. 2007. Joint Donor Security Sector Needs Assessment [JDSSNA]. An independent assessment of the future involvement of the Joint Donor Team in security sector reform in Southern Sudan. Oslo. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs.

Bonn International Centre for Conversion (BICC). 2006. People Safe from Guns in South Sudan. Bonn. BICC.

Muggah, Robert. 2006. Reflections on DDR in Sudan. Humanitarian Practice Network.

Buchanan-Smith, Margie and Regina Burns Mackenzie. 2005. Armed Violence and Poverty in Southern Sudan. Centre for International Cooperation and Security, University of Bradford.

Depoortere, Evelyn, et al. 2004. Violence and Mortality in West Darfur, Sudan: Epidemiological Evidence from Four Surveys. The Lancet. Vol. 364. MSF Report.

Reeves, Eric. 2004. Darfur Mortality Update: Current Data for Total Mortality from Violence, Malnutrition, and Disease. The Hague: Genocide Watch.

WHO/EPIET (World Health Organization/European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training). 2004. Retrospective Mortality Survey Among the Internally Displaced Population, Greater Darfur, Sudan.

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

Swaziland

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Swaziland: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Nkiwane, Tandeka. 1999. Weapons Flows in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Monograph No. 34. Durban: ISS.

Tanzania

Mogire, Edward. 2006. Preventing or Abetting: Refugee Militarization in Tanzania. No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa. Small Arms Survey & Bonn International Center for Conversion.

Bilali, Charles Nasibu. 2005. "La Persistance du traffic d'armes de Tanzanie vers la RDC et le Burundi". GRIP (Groupe de Recherche et d'Information sur la Paix et la Sécurité).

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Tanzania: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Jefferson, Clare and Angus Urquhart. 2002. The Impact of Small Arms in Tanzania: Results of a Country Survey. Monograph No. 70. Durban: ISS.

Uganda

Comparative Analysis on the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) Programs Existing in the World during 2006. 2007. Bellaterra: School for a Culture of Peace (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona). Case studies on Nepal, Niger, and Uganda.

Human Rights Watch. 2007. “Get the Gun!”: Human Rights Violations by Uganda 's National Army in Law Enforcement Operations in Karamoja Region . Report. Vol. 19, Issue 13(A). September.

Danssaert, Peter and Brian Johnson Thomas. 2006. Greed and Guns: Uganda’s Role in the Rape of the Congo. Antwerp: IPIS.

Bevan, James. 2006. Fuelling Fear: The Lord's Resistance Army and Small Arms. Small Arms Survey 2006: Unfinished Business. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.

Muggah, Robert. 2006. Protection Failures: Outward and Inward Militarization of Refugee Settlements and IDP Camps in Uganda. No Refuge: The Crisis of Refugee Militarization in Africa. Small Arms Survey & Bonn International Center for Conversion.

Sabala, Kizito. 2004. African Commitments to Controlling Small Arms and Light Weapons: A Review of Eight NEPAD Countries. African Human Security Initiative.

Gebre-Wold, Kiflemariam and Isabelle Masson. 2002. Small Arms in the Horn of Africa: Challenges, Issues, and Perspectives. Bonn: BICC.

Farr, Vanessa A. and Kiflemariam Gebre-Wold (Eds.) 2002. Gender Perspectives on Small Arms and Light Weapons: Regional and International Concerns. Bonn: BICC.

Ocaya, Bruno, et al. 2001. The Impact of Small Arms on the Population: A Case Study of Kitgun & Kotido Districts. Kampala: Action for Development of Local Communities.

Zambia

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Zambia: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

Zimbabwe

Dzinesa, Gwinyayi Albert. 2006. Swords into Ploughshares: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa. ISS Paper 120. Durban: ISS.

Cross, Peter, Rick de Caris, Ettienne Hennop and Angus Urquhart. 2003. Zimbabwe: The Law of the Gun - An Audit of Firearms Control Legislation in the SADC Region. SaferAfrica and Saferworld.

dNkiwane, Tandeka. 1999. Weapons Flows in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. Monograph No. 34. Durban: ISS.

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