Prior to joining the Small Arms Survey, Julien led the Conflict and Insecurity workstream for Transparency International's Defence and Security Programme, where he focused on security sector governance/reform as well as on the nexus between corruption and conflict. Before that, Julien worked as a political analyst with the United Nations Peacekeeping operation in the Central African Republic and with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in the Democratic Republic of the Congo as a programme officer. Julien's professional experience also includes working with the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs on international cooperation issues.